高并发网站架构的核心原则其实就一句话”把所有的用户访问请求都尽量往前推“,即:能缓存在用户电脑本地的,就不要让他去访问CDN。 能缓存CDN服务器上的,就不要让CDN去访问源(静态服务器)了。能访问静态服务器的,就不要去访问动态服务器。以此类推:能不访问数据库和存储就一定不要去访问数据库和存储。
WordPress最好的优化方式就是尽量不安装插件,之前有分享过《wordpress启动Redis缓存加速》,Wordpress是典型的PHP-MySQL应用,去做数据库缓存,倒不如让轻量级的Nginx直接去缓存WordPress内容。
Nginx内置FastCgi缓存,但是不支持自动清除缓存。当你在Wordpress里面新建/修改一篇文章,或者访客提交评论的时候,自动清空相关的缓存是必要的!Nginx需要安装ngx_cache_purg+量身定做的WordPress缓存清理插件:Nginx Helper。
1. 安装Nginx ngx_cache_purge模块
1)查看ngx_cache_purge是否安装
- nginx -V 2>&1 | grep -o ngx_cache_purge
显示ngx_cache_purge表示已经安装
2)安装ngx_cache_purge模块
《OneinStack》和《lnmp一键安装包》下安装ngx_cache_purge模块
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cd /root/oneinstack/src wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.10.tar.gz tar xzf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz tar xzf nginx-1.9.10.tar.gz cd nginx-1.9.10 nginx -V #查看nginx编译参数,最后加上--add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www \ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-ipv6 --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_flv_module --with-ld-opt=-ljemalloc \ --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.3 make #编译 mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx{,_`date +%F`} #备份nginx cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin nginx -V 2>&1 | grep -o ngx_cache_purge # 显示ngx_cache_purge表示已经安装成功
2. Nginx配置
建议将fastcgi_cache_path设置tmpfs内存中,操作系统不同tmpfs路径也不同,如下:
CentOS:/dev/shm
Ubuntu和Debian:/run/shm
修改nginx虚拟主机配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/blog.linuxeye.com.conf:
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- fastcgi_cache_path /dev/shm/nginx-cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=WORDPRESS:100m inactive=60m;
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- fastcgi_cache_key “$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri”;
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- fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
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- fastcgi_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
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- server {
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- listen 443 ssl http2;
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- ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/linuxeye_blog.crt;
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- ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/linuxeye_blog.key;
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- ssl_ciphers “CHACHA20:GCM:HIGH:!DH:!RC4:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!3DES:!MD5:!EXP:!PSK:!SRP:!DSS”;
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- ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
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- ssl_session_timeout 10m;
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- #ssl_stapling on;
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- #ssl_stapling_verify on;
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- resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
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- resolver_timeout 5s;
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- server_name blog.linuxeye.com;
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- access_log /home/wwwlogs/blog_nginx.log combined;
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- index index.html index.htm index.php;
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- include wordpress.conf;
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- root /home/wwwroot/blog;
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- set $skip_cache 0;
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- if ($request_method = POST) {
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- set $skip_cache 1;
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- }
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- if ($query_string != “”) {
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- set $skip_cache 1;
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- }
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- if ($request_uri ~* “/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|index.php|sitemap(_index)?.xml”) {
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- set $skip_cache 1;
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- }
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- if ($http_cookie ~* “comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in”) {
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- set $skip_cache 1;
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- }
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- location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
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- #fastcgi_pass remote_php_ip:9000;
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- fastcgi_pass unix:/dev/shm/php-cgi.sock;
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- fastcgi_index index.php;
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- include fastcgi.conf;
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- fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;
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- fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
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- fastcgi_cache WORDPRESS;
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- fastcgi_cache_valid 60m;
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- }
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- location ~ /purge(/.*) {
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- allow 127.0.0.1;
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- deny all;
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- fastcgi_cache_purge WORDPRESS “$scheme$request_method$host$1”;
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- }
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- location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|flv|ico)$ {
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- expires 30d;
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- access_log off;
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- }
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- location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
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- expires 7d;
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- access_log off;
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- }
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- }
使nginx配置生效
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- service nginx reload
重启系统后shm内存中nginx-cache文件夹会丢失,为了使重启生效(自动创建文件夹),修改/etc/init.d/nginx的make_dirs下一行(大概52行)添加:
- [ ! -d ‘/dev/shm/nginx-cache’ ] && { mkdir /dev/shm/nginx-cache; chown -R ${user}.$user /dev/shm/nginx-cache; }
3. WordPress安装Nginx Helper插件
WordPress后台【插件】—【安装插件】搜索【Nginx Helper】安装即可。如下设置:
修改wordpress网站根目录wp-config.php添加如下行:
- define(‘RT_WP_NGINX_HELPER_CACHE_PATH’,’/dev/shm/nginx-cache’);
4. 测试
测试时候勾选Enable Logging(记录日志)、Enable Nginx Timestamp in HTML(插入缓存信息)
查看网页源代码:
查看Nginx Helper是否刷新日志: